Heaven and Earth Are Not Humane: The Problem of Evil in Classical Chinese Philosophy

Perkins, F. (2014). Heaven and earth are not humane: The problem of evil in classical Chinese philosophy. Indiana University Press.

本书研究恶的问题。发问这个现象：为什么好人有恶报？（德福不一致）bad things happen to good people.

其中，也涉及“天”的问题。

尼采提及the tragic worldview: we should confront the tragedic fact instead of denying it. (p. 41)

Chap. 4, about Mengzi. Mengzi shifts the locus of the Heaven from the external pattern of nature toward human internal nature. (p. 116)

作者认为，1B15是孟子中最悲惨（悲剧）的段落。(p. 120)

In the Mengzi, the Heaven accounts for the occurrence of bad things. (p. 127) 【没那么绝对吧，我不太认可这个解释，儒家对天，也应该是有积极的肯定的。】

对比道家，孟子承认天地不仁，但不承认圣人以百姓为刍狗。(p. 128)

Mengzi offers the internal basis of ethics. 孟子四端说的理论意义，为外在规范提供内在依据；解释了仁的内在依据。(p. 134, 141)

"becoming more humane means making oneself more sensitive to suffering in the world." (p. 140)

作者的看法有意思：人禽之辨是一种反类比disanalogy. (p. 142)