The Cambridge Companion to Kierkegaard

Hannay, A., & Marino, G. D. (Eds.). (1998). The Cambridge Companion to Kierkegaard. Cambridge University Press.

7 Existence, emotion, and virtue: Classical themes in Kierkegaard

本章认为，应该这样阅读祁克果：祁克果是亚里士多德和阿奎那的继承者，而非萨特、福柯的继承者。On this reading, "subjectivity" and "existence" will evoke the thought of character rather than subjectivism and radical choice. (p. 177) "Existence" (Existents) denotes the concreteness and individuality of a life lived in time and the requirements on personality that are implied by these features of selfhood. (p. 178)

关于character，参照亚的《尼各马可伦理学》。 亚认为，virtue consists in the disposition to right emotion and action. A virtue is, as Aristotle says, "a state of character concerned with choice" (11o7a1) 德性就是选择正当的情感（或行为）。

祁克果谈到盲人和聋子(p. 196)。

祁克果认为：

（1）Emotion is the core of character. 

（2）好的品性（virtue）就是proper emotions，坏的品性（vice）就是improper emotions.

（3）Emotion包括thought (思想) and concern (对思想的关切).

（4）To exist well is to incorporate right thinking into a pathos-filled life. 活得好就是把正当的思想融入进悲天悯人的生活中。

（5）不同于亚里士多德的是，祁克果

a, Reflection 沉思（反思），有时会成为virtue的敌人，特别是当沉思与passion分离

b, 通过异教徒与基督徒的比较，emotion有时也会和自我无关。例如，基督徒的情感，视自己为尘世旅客，心怀终末。