Movements of the mind: A theory of attention, intention and action
Wu, Wayne. Movements of the mind: A theory of attention, intention and action. Oxford University Press, 2023.
1 The Structure of Acting
action的三元结构：
input-intention-output
为什么行动必须是intention，是因为每个行动都涉及decision-making做选择
action有别于reflex，reflex只是一个没有能动者的反射
action的定义：action is a solution to the selection problem.
2 Attention and Attending
三类Attention: vigilance警觉（准备状态a readiness to attend to the target）, attentional guidance (including input and output), and attending as an action (只包括input)
定义attention：attention就是对selection problem的一个解solution
3 Intention as Practical Memory
intention是一种memory。作者论证，intention与working memory在功能上具有等同性。
定义：记忆memory是encoding, maintaining, accessing.
强调意图在行动中的核心作用表明意图从根本上是动态的(意图与行动)，这种主动性来源于与工作记忆相关的活动概念。
这一主张主要受到生物学视角的推动，认为意向和中央执行在工作记忆中的功能作用是一致的。
识别意图的活动在代理人的控制保持警惕性vigilance和坚定性steadfastness.
4 Intending as Practical Remembering
论点：intending是一种心灵行动。
（made by 詹心怡）
intending in action is a kind of practical memory.
practical memory具有连续性。
(1) coherence → the continuity of practical memory
(2) agentive control → the continuity of practical memory
Intentional agency → coherence and agentive control → the continuity of practical memory
即，实践记忆的连续性是意向能动者的必要条件。
Intending-in-action is constituted by fine-tuning of practical memory in practical reasoning. 【fine-tuning指的是，对intention的expressions做出选择】
By practical reasoning, the agent keeps time with her action in intending. As the agent acts, she occupies a temporal perspective rooted in her present intention-in-action. This perspective is sensitive to the here and now of agency. 【intention中的时间性】
Chapter 5 Automatic Bias, Experts and Amateurs
什么是bias？如何发生？
two kinds of bias: explicit bias (e.g., racism) and implicit bias (implicitly biased behavior)
Automatic bias is driven by biased attention. 【以attention的理论来解释bias】
实验：医学新手和专家expert之间，对X光图的眼动差别。专家更精准地看到病变区域，抓住要点（Sec. 5.5）。
Thesis 3: Attention is a target of normative assessment, and the panoply of biases on attention provides a map for such assessments.
总结：
Learning and Training attention:
-Skill acquisition requires consistent practice to develop correct biases.
-Training involves repetition to achieve automaticity (e.g, doctors, performers).
-Attention is a skill that can be established, developed, and maintained through training.
Practical upshot:
-Focus not on elimination but on transformation of problematic bias
-Training for skillful attention often relies on continuous practice and immediate feedback.
Chapter 6 Deducing, Skill, and Knowledge
deducing是reasoning的一个典范，具有两个特征：（1）从前提到结论的cognitive attention的运动所构成；（2）前提为结论提供cognitive cues
进一步，作者分析，deducing作为action，如何与学习learning（包括knowledge and skill）相关。
reasoning是一种know how（知道如何推理）。Skills contribute to know-how. It fills the gap between intending and acting which constitutes practical ignorance.