Even More Supererogatory

Holly M. Smith (2024) Even More Supererogatory, Australasian Journal of Philosophy, 102:1, 1-20.

该文第一小节总结了Supererogation的定义，需要满足六个条件。

1. X is deontically ATC (all things considered) permissible, not deontically ATC required, and not deontically ATC wrong.

2. X is morally good, that is, it has greater excess erogatory value than the permissible alternative with the least excess erogatory value.

3. X would impose a personal cost on the agent, that is, it has greater opportunity cost for its agent than the permissible alternative with the least opportunity cost.

4. X may be performed by an agent who has a prima facie (but no ATC ) duty to perform X, or by an agent who has no duty, not even a prima facie duty, to perform X.

5. There is no deontically permissible alternative to act X that has the same excess erogatory value but would impose less opportunity cost on the agent.

6. There is no deontically permissible alternative to act X that would have greater excess erogatory value but impose an equal or smaller opportunity cost on the agent.

AI：

1. 行为X是道德上允许的，但不一定必须做，也不算错。

2. 行为X在道德上比其他选项更好。

3. 行为X对做的人有较高的个人成本。

4. 行为X可以由有初步义务的人或者没有义务的人来做。

5. 没有其他选项能在保持同样的道德价值时让个人成本更低。

6. 也没有其他选项能在更高的道德价值下保持相同或更低的个人成本。