Intention, ethics, and convention in Daoism: Guo Xiang on ziran (self-so) and wuwei (non-action)

作者： Shizhen Xie

Paul J. D' Ambrosio (11 Dec 2023): Intention, ethics, and convention in Daoism: Guo Xiang on ziran (self-so) and wuwei (non-action), Asian Philosophy.


本文研究道家的“自然无为”。对这个词的理解，学术界有三点主流意见：

1, anti-intention 不是刻意的

2, pro-ethical 是一种伦理观

3, anti-convention 反对习俗

作者根据郭象的解说，认为不能这么一概而论，道家的“自然无为”存在微妙的地方：

1，庄子只是强调，自然无为是一种对待本己的意向的态度

2，自然无为并不是伦理道德的一种认可

3，自然无为是包含社会习俗的

总之，本文论证，自然无为更多的是一种态度。The main argument is that ziran and wuwei are best understood as attitudes and as such cannot be specified in too much detail. [...] As attitudes, ziran and wuwei demand that the person themselves constantly renegotiate what it means to be ziran-wuwei.


本文结构

导言

文献综述：既有观点【赖老师也躺枪了】

论点一：意向

论点二：伦理

论点三：习俗

结论