书评：Responsible Citizens, Irresponsible States

Stephanie Collins; Responsible Citizens, Irresponsible States: Should Citizens Pay for Their State's Wrongdoings?. The Philosophical Review 1 April 2023; 132 (2): 316–320. doi: https://doi-org.wwwproxy1.library.unsw.edu.au/10.1215/00318108-10294513

国家做错事，居民要买单吗？

作者Avia Pasternak提出一个概念：genuinely intentional citizenship。即：1, you knowingly participate in the state's operation; 2, your participation is genuine: you participate regardless of the cost of nonparticipation.

Pasternak argues that the costs of states' wrongdoings should be equally distributed among genuinely intentional citizens, if the other five categories on the checklist do not apply. 

The checklist: 1，成本根据公民的可指责程度分配；2，国家的错事若有益于保护居民权利，那么要平等分配；3，错事严重，且居民富有，则要平等分配；4，具体的受益者买单；5，若居民与受害人存在联系，则全体居民需要买单。

为了论证，作者还给出了民主国家的相关的定量数据。

书评人指出，民主国家与非民主国家的实际情况，可能造成genuinely intentional citizenship很难得以应用。